Petra, often referred to as the “Rose City” due to the color of the stone from which it is carved, is one of the most iconic archaeological sites in the world. Located in the southwestern desert of Jordan, Petra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. This ancient city, once the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom, is renowned for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the history, significance, and must-see attractions of Petra, ensuring you make the most of your visit.
History of Petra
The Nabataean Kingdom
Petra was established as the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom around the 4th century BC. The Nabataeans were an Arab tribe known for their skills in trade and hydraulic engineering. They controlled the trade routes that passed through the region, facilitating the exchange of goods such as spices, incense, and textiles between Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean.
Roman Conquest and Decline
In AD 106, Petra was annexed by the Roman Empire. The city continued to flourish under Roman rule, but its importance gradually declined as trade routes shifted. By the 7th century, Petra was largely abandoned, and it remained hidden from the Western world until its rediscovery by Swiss explorer Johann Ludwig Burckhardt in 1812.
Must-See Attractions in Petra
The Siq
The Siq is a narrow, winding gorge that serves as the main entrance to Petra. This 1.2-kilometer-long passage is flanked by towering cliffs, creating a dramatic and awe-inspiring approach to the city. As you walk through the Siq, you’ll see remnants of ancient carvings and water channels that once supplied the city with water.
The Treasury (Al-Khazneh)
Perhaps the most iconic structure in Petra, the Treasury is a magnificent rock-cut tomb that stands at the end of the Siq. Its intricate façade, adorned with Corinthian columns and sculptures, is a testament to the architectural prowess of the Nabataeans. The Treasury is believed to have been the mausoleum of a Nabataean king, although its exact purpose remains a mystery.
The Monastery (Ad-Deir)
The Monastery is another impressive rock-cut structure, similar in design to the Treasury but larger in scale. To reach the Monastery, visitors must climb approximately 800 steps, but the effort is well worth it. The Monastery offers breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape and is a popular spot for sunset viewing.
The Royal Tombs
The Royal Tombs are a series of grandiose burial sites carved into the cliffs of Petra. These tombs, including the Urn Tomb, the Silk Tomb, the Corinthian Tomb, and the Palace Tomb, showcase the elaborate architectural style of the Nabataeans and provide insight into their burial practices.
The Great Temple
The Great Temple is one of the largest and most complex structures in Petra. It consists of a series of courtyards, colonnaded streets, and a central temple building. Excavations have revealed that the Great Temple was used for both religious and administrative purposes.
The High Place of Sacrifice
The High Place of Sacrifice is an ancient altar located on a mountain summit overlooking Petra. It was used for religious ceremonies and animal sacrifices. The hike to the High Place of Sacrifice offers stunning panoramic views of the city and its surroundings.
Practical Information for Visitors
How to Get There
Petra is located in the Ma’an Governorate of Jordan, approximately 240 kilometers south of Amman, the capital city. The most convenient way to reach Petra is by car or bus. Many tourists opt for a car with a driver to ensure a comfortable and hassle-free journey.
Entrance Fees
Entrance fees to Petra vary depending on the duration of your visit.
- 1-day ticket: 50 JD (Jordanian Dinar)
- 2-day ticket: 55 JD
- 3-day ticket: 60 JD
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Petra is during the spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November) when the weather is mild and pleasant. Summers can be extremely hot, while winters can be cold, especially at night.
What to Bring
- Comfortable walking shoes: Petra involves a lot of walking and climbing, so sturdy footwear is essential.
- Sun protection: Bring a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen to protect yourself from the sun.
- Water: Stay hydrated by carrying plenty of water with you.
- Camera: Capture the stunning beauty of Petra with a good camera.
